(001)    "3m interest rate 1/y"  = 
       "Central bank signal rate 1/y" 
            + "Basic bank margin 1/y" 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (018) Central bank signal rate 1/y
    (008) Basic bank margin 1/y
    Used by:
    (027) Cost of capital for inv in new cap 1/y
    
(002)    "Acceptable unemployment (1)"  = 0.05
    Units: 1 [0.04,0.06,0.001]
    
    Used by:
    (043) Effect of UN on wage rise (1)
    
(003)    "Available funding for new capacity $/y"  = 
       "Profits $/y" 
            * "Fraction of profits to new capacity (1)" 
            * "Effect of CU on AVF (1)" 
    Units: $/y
    
    (039) Effect of CU on AVF (1)
    (062) Fraction of profits to new capacity (1)
    (119) Profits $/y
    Used by:
    (080) Investment in new capacity $/y
    
(004)    Available workforce p  = 
       Population p 
            * "Participation (1)" 
    Units: p
    
    (115) Population p
    (109) Participation (1)
    Used by:
    (147) Unemployment (1)
    
(005)    "Average deliveries b/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Deliveries b/y" , 
            Deliveries averaging time y , 
            "OO in 1980 b/y" ) 
    Units: $/y
    
    (032) Deliveries averaging time y
    (033) Deliveries b/y
    (096) OO in 1980 b/y
    Used by:
    (077) Inventory coverage y
    
(006)    Average tenure y  = 7
    Units: y
    
    Used by:
    (066) Gross hiring p/y
    (083) Leaving p/y
    
(007)    "Banks margin 1/y"  = 0.015
    Units: 1/y
    
    Used by:
    (027) Cost of capital for inv in new cap 1/y
    
(008)    "Basic bank margin 1/y"  = 0.005
    Units: 1/y
    
    Used by:
    (001) 3m interest rate 1/y
    
(009)    "Capacity addition cu/y"  = 
       Capacity under construction cu 
            / Construction time y 
    Units: cu/y
    
    (014) Capacity under construction cu - was 160
    (059) Construction time y - was 2
    Used by:
    (010) Capacity cu
    (014) Capacity under construction cu - was 160
    (053) Fraction modernized 1/y
    
(010)    Capacity cu  = 
       INTEG( "Capacity addition cu/y" 
                 - "Capacity discard cu/y" , 
            CA in 1980 cu ) 
    Units: cu
    
    (009) Capacity addition cu/y
    (011) Capacity discard cu/y
    (058) CA in 1980 cu
    Used by:
    (011) Capacity discard cu/y
    (053) Fraction modernized 1/y
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    (098) Optimal worforce p
    
(011)    "Capacity discard cu/y"  = 
       Capacity cu 
            / Capital life y 
    Units: cu/y
    
    (010) Capacity cu
    (017) Capital life y
    Used by:
    (010) Capacity cu
    
(012)    "Capacity initiation cu/y"  = 
       "Investment in new capacity $/y" 
            / "Cost of capacity $/cu" 
    Units: cu/y
    
    (026) Cost of capacity $/cu - COC = 2.5 $/cu in equilibrium
    (080) Investment in new capacity $/y
    Used by:
    (014) Capacity under construction cu - was 160
    
(013)    "Capacity labor ratio cu/p"  = 
       "Embedded CLR cu/p" 
            * "Effect of WSO on CLR (1)" 
    Units: cu/p [5,15]
    
    (046) Embedded CLR cu/p
    (044) Effect of WSO on CLR (1)
    Used by:
    (098) Optimal worforce p
    
(014)    Capacity under construction cu  = 
       INTEG( "Capacity initiation cu/y" 
                 - "Capacity addition cu/y" , 
            150) 
    Units: cu
    was 160
    (009) Capacity addition cu/y
    (012) Capacity initiation cu/y
    Used by:
    (009) Capacity addition cu/y
    
(015)    "Capacity utilization (1)"  = 
       INTEG( "Change in capacity utilization 1/y" , 
            1) 
    Units: dmnl
    
    (019) Change in capacity utilization 1/y
    Used by:
    (019) Change in capacity utilization 1/y
    (039) Effect of CU on AVF (1)
    (116) Production b/y
    
(016)    "Capital life mult from profitability (1)"  = 
       1
            + ( "Profit margin (1)" 
                 / "Normal profit margin (1)" 
                 - 1) 
                 * sCLmfPM 
    Units: **undefined**
    
    (091) Normal profit margin (1)
    (118) Profit margin (1)
    (130) sCLmfPM - was 0.1
    Used by:
    (017) Capital life y
    
(017)    Capital life y  = 
       Normal capital life y 
            * "Capital life mult from profitability (1)" 
    Units: y
    
    (016) Capital life mult from profitability (1)
    (088) Normal capital life y
    Used by:
    (011) Capacity discard cu/y
    
(018)    "Central bank signal rate 1/y"  = 
       INTEG( "Change in signal rate 1/yy" , 
            0.02) 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (024) Change in signal rate 1/yy
    Used by:
    (001) 3m interest rate 1/y
    (024) Change in signal rate 1/yy
    
(019)    "Change in capacity utilization 1/y"  = 
       ( "Desired capacity utilization (1)" 
            - "Capacity utilization (1)" ) 
            / CU adjustment time y 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (015) Capacity utilization (1)
    (029) CU adjustment time y
    (036) Desired capacity utilization (1)
    Used by:
    (015) Capacity utilization (1)
    
(020)    "Change in ECLR (cu/p/y)"  = 
       ( "Marginal CLR cu/p" 
            - "Embedded CLR cu/p" ) 
            * "Fraction modernized 1/y" 
    Units: cu/(y*p)
    
    (046) Embedded CLR cu/p
    (053) Fraction modernized 1/y
    (105) Marginal CLR cu/p
    Used by:
    (046) Embedded CLR cu/p
    
(021)    "Change in ETFP 1/y"  = 
       ( "Mariginal TFP (1)" 
            - "Embedded TFP (1)" ) 
            * "Fraction modernized 1/y" 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (048) Embedded TFP (1)
    (053) Fraction modernized 1/y
    (084) Mariginal TFP (1)
    Used by:
    (048) Embedded TFP (1)
    
(022)    "Change in population p/y"  = 
       Population p 
            * IF THEN ELSE ( Time 
                      > Pop change start yr , 
                 "RoC in population 1/y" , 
                 0) 
    Units: p/y
    
    (000) Time - Internally defined simulation time.
    (115) Population p
    (113) Pop change start yr
    (124) RoC in population 1/y
    Used by:
    (115) Population p
    
(023)    "Change in price level 1/y"  = 
       "Price level $/1980$" 
            * "Inflation 1/y" 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (102) Price level $/1980$
    (072) Inflation 1/y
    Used by:
    (102) Price level $/1980$
    
(024)    "Change in signal rate 1/yy"  = 
       ( "Indicated signal rate 1/y" 
            - "Central bank signal rate 1/y" ) 
            / Signal rate adjustment time y 
    Units: 1/(y*y)
    
    (018) Central bank signal rate 1/y
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    (135) Signal rate adjustment time y
    Used by:
    (018) Central bank signal rate 1/y
    
(025)    CLR growth start year  = 1990
    Units: y [1980,2080,20]
    
    Used by:
    (105) Marginal CLR cu/p
    
(026)    "Cost of capacity $/cu"  = 
       "Cost ratio: Baskets per capacity unit (1)" 
            * "Price per unit in 1980 1980$/b" 
    Units: $/cu [0,5,0.1]
    COC = 2.5 $/cu in equilibrium
    (028) Cost ratio: Baskets per capacity unit (1)
    (056) Price per unit in 1980 1980$/b
    Used by:
    (012) Capacity initiation cu/y
    
(027)    "Cost of capital for inv in new cap 1/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "3m interest rate 1/y" 
                 + "Banks margin 1/y" , 
            Finance sector response time y , 
            "3m interest rate 1/y" 
                 + "Banks margin 1/y" ) 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (001) 3m interest rate 1/y
    (007) Banks margin 1/y
    (061) Finance sector response time y
    Used by:
    (038) Effect of BC on EROI (1)
    
(028)    "Cost ratio: Baskets per capacity unit (1)"  = 2.5
    Units: b/cu [1.5,3.5,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (026) Cost of capacity $/cu - COC = 2.5 $/cu in equilibrium
    
(029)    CU adjustment time y  = 0.25
    Units: y [0,0.5,0.05]
    
    Used by:
    (019) Change in capacity utilization 1/y
    
(030)    CU perception delay y  = 0.5
    Units: y [0.1,2,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (039) Effect of CU on AVF (1)
    
(031)    CUC in 1980 cu  = 
       ( CA in 1980 cu 
            / Normal capital life y ) 
            * Construction time y 
    Units: cu
    
    (058) CA in 1980 cu
    (059) Construction time y - was 2
    (088) Normal capital life y

(032)    Deliveries averaging time y  = 0.25
    Units: y [0,0.5,0.01]
    
    Used by:
    (005) Average deliveries b/y
    
(033)    "Deliveries b/y"  = 
       "Established demand $/y" 
            / "Price per unit $/b" 
    Units: b/y
    
    (050) Established demand $/y
    (103) Price per unit $/b
    Used by:
    (076) Inventory b
    (005) Average deliveries b/y
    (057) Sales income $/y
    
(034)    "Demand in 1980 $/y"  = 
       "OO in 1980 b/y" 
            * "Price per unit $/b" 
    Units: $/y
    
    (096) OO in 1980 b/y
    (103) Price per unit $/b
    Used by:
    (050) Established demand $/y
    
(035)    "Demand stimulus from 1980 (1)"  = 0
    Units: dmnl [0,0.02,0.005]
    
    Used by:
    (050) Established demand $/y
    
(036)    "Desired capacity utilization (1)"  = 
       1
            + "sCUmfINV<0" 
                 * ( Perceived inventory coverage y 
                      / Normal inventory coverage y 
                      - 1) 
    Units: dmnl
    
    (107) Normal inventory coverage y
    (111) Perceived inventory coverage y
    (132) sCUmfINV<0
    Used by:
    (019) Change in capacity utilization 1/y
    
(037)    "ECLR in 1980 cu/p"  = 50
    Units: cu/p [0,0.2,0.005]
    was 12.5
    Used by:
    (046) Embedded CLR cu/p
    (105) Marginal CLR cu/p
    
(038)    "Effect of BC on EROI (1)"  = 
       1
            + ( "Cost of capital for inv in new cap 1/y" 
                 / "Normal capital cost 1/y" 
                 - 1) 
                 * "sBCeoEROI<0" 
    Units: 1
    
    (027) Cost of capital for inv in new cap 1/y
    (087) Normal capital cost 1/y
    (129) sBCeoEROI<0 - was -0.1
    Used by:
    (060) Expected ROI in new capacity (1/y)
    
(039)    "Effect of CU on AVF (1)"  = 
       1
            + SMOOTH3 ( ( "Capacity utilization (1)" 
                      - 1) 
                      * "sCUeoAVF>0" , 
                 CU perception delay y ) 
    Units: dmnl
    
    (015) Capacity utilization (1)
    (030) CU perception delay y
    (131) sCUeoAVF>0 - was 10
    Used by:
    (003) Available funding for new capacity $/y
    
(040)    "Effect of EROI on FRP (1)"  = 
       1
            + "sEROIeoFRP>0" 
                 * ( "Expected ROI in new capacity (1/y)" 
                      / "Normal EROI 1/y" 
                      - 1) 
    Units: 1
    
    (060) Expected ROI in new capacity (1/y)
    (106) Normal EROI 1/y
    (133) sEROIeoFRP>0 - can be anything from 0 to 1
    Used by:
    (062) Fraction of profits to new capacity (1)
    
(041)    "Effect of IN on wage decline 1/y"  = 
       1
            + sINeoWSOdot 
                 * ( "Inflation 1/y" 
                      / "Inflation target 1/y" 
                      - 1) 
    Units: 1
    
    (072) Inflation 1/y
    (074) Inflation target 1/y
    (137) sINeoWSOdot - should be >0
    Used by:
    (120) Real wage decline rate 1/y
    
(042)    "Effect of OGR on FRP (1)"  = 
       1
            + ( "Observed growth rate 1/y" 
                 / "Normal growth rate 1/y" 
                 - 1) 
                 * "sGReoFRP>0" 
    Units: dmnl
    
    (090) Normal growth rate 1/y
    (095) Observed growth rate 1/y
    (134) sGReoFRP>0
    Used by:
    (062) Fraction of profits to new capacity (1)
    
(043)    "Effect of UN on wage rise (1)"  = 
       WITH LOOKUP( "Perceived unemployment (1)" 
                 / "Acceptable unemployment (1)" , 
            ([(0,0)-(2,2)],(0,2),(1,1),(2,0.6) )
            )
    Units: 1
    
    (002) Acceptable unemployment (1)
    (112) Perceived unemployment (1)
    Used by:
    (121) Real wage increase rate 1/y
    
(044)    "Effect of WSO on CLR (1)"  = 
       SMOOTH ( "Indicated effect of WSO on CLR (1)" , 
            "Retooling time (1)" ) 
    Units: 1
    
    (069) Indicated effect of WSO on CLR (1)
    (122) Retooling time (1) - was 1
    Used by:
    (013) Capacity labor ratio cu/p
    
(045)    "Effect of WSO on PA (1)"  = 
       1
            + "sWSOeoPA>0" 
                 * ( "Worker share of output (1)" 
                      / "Normal worker share (1)" 
                      - 1) 
    Units: 1
    
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    (094) Normal worker share (1)
    (141) sWSOeoPA>0 - A small value (0.1) gives a miniscule oscillation in 
            participation. A higher value gives more oscillation, but also 
            instability
    Used by:
    (070) Indicated participation (1)
    
(046)    "Embedded CLR cu/p"  = 
       INTEG( "Embedded CLR cu/p" 
                 * "Change in ECLR (cu/p/y)" , 
            "ECLR in 1980 cu/p" ) 
    Units: cu/p
    
    (020) Change in ECLR (cu/p/y)
    (037) ECLR in 1980 cu/p - was 12.5
    Used by:
    (013) Capacity labor ratio cu/p
    (020) Change in ECLR (cu/p/y)
    
(047)    "Embedded labour productivity b/p/y"  = 
       "Optimal output b/y" 
            / Workforce p 
    Units: b/(y*p)
    
    (157) Workforce p
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    Used by:
    (055) Perceived labour productivity b/p/y
    
(048)    "Embedded TFP (1)"  = 
       INTEG( "Change in ETFP 1/y" , 
            "ETFP in 1980 (1)" ) 
    Units: 1
    
    (021) Change in ETFP 1/y
    (051) ETFP in 1980 (1) - 0.9 in Base Case
    Used by:
    (021) Change in ETFP 1/y
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(049)    epsilon TFP  = 1
    Units: 1 [0.8,1.2,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(050)    "Established demand $/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( ( "Workers demand $/y" 
                 + "Owners demand $/y" ) 
                 * ( 1
                      + "Demand stimulus from 1980 (1)" ) , 
            Time to adjust demand pattern y , 
            "Demand in 1980 $/y" ) 
    Units: $/y [990,1010,1]
    
    (034) Demand in 1980 $/y
    (035) Demand stimulus from 1980 (1)
    (099) Owners demand $/y
    (144) Time to adjust demand pattern y
    (156) Workers demand $/y
    Used by:
    (033) Deliveries b/y
    
(051)    "ETFP in 1980 (1)"  = 1
    Units: 1 [0,1,0.1]
    0.9 in Base Case
    Used by:
    (048) Embedded TFP (1)
    (084) Mariginal TFP (1)
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(052)    FINAL TIME  = 2060
    Units: Year
    The final time for the simulation.

(053)    "Fraction modernized 1/y"  = 
       "Capacity addition cu/y" 
            / Capacity cu 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (010) Capacity cu
    (009) Capacity addition cu/y
    Used by:
    (020) Change in ECLR (cu/p/y)
    (021) Change in ETFP 1/y
    
(054)    INITIAL TIME  = 1980
    Units: Year
    The initial time for the simulation.
    Used by:
    (000) Time - Internally defined simulation time.
    
(055)    "Perceived labour productivity b/p/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Embedded labour productivity b/p/y" , 
            Productivity perception delay y , 
            50) 
    Units: b/(y*p)
    
    (047) Embedded labour productivity b/p/y
    (117) Productivity perception delay y
    Used by:
    (150) Wage level ($/p/y)
    
(056)    "Price per unit in 1980 1980$/b"  = 1
    Units: $/b [0.7,0.9,0.02]
    
    Used by:
    (026) Cost of capacity $/cu - COC = 2.5 $/cu in equilibrium
    (057) Sales income $/y
    (103) Price per unit $/b
    
(057)    "Sales income $/y"  = 
       "Deliveries b/y" 
            * "Price per unit in 1980 1980$/b" 
    Units: $/y
    
    (033) Deliveries b/y
    (056) Price per unit in 1980 1980$/b
    Used by:
    (085) Measured sales $/y
    (119) Profits $/y
    
(058)    CA in 1980 cu  = 1000
    Units: **undefined**
    
    Used by:
    (010) Capacity cu
    (031) CUC in 1980 cu
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(059)    Construction time y  = 1.5
    Units: y
    was 2
    Used by:
    (009) Capacity addition cu/y
    (031) CUC in 1980 cu
    
(060)    "Expected ROI in new capacity (1/y)"  = 
       "Normal EROI 1/y" 
            * "Effect of BC on EROI (1)" 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (038) Effect of BC on EROI (1)
    (106) Normal EROI 1/y
    Used by:
    (040) Effect of EROI on FRP (1)
    
(061)    Finance sector response time y  = 0.5
    Units: y [0,2,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (027) Cost of capital for inv in new cap 1/y
    
(062)    "Fraction of profits to new capacity (1)"  = 
       "Normal FRP (1)" 
            * "Effect of OGR on FRP (1)" 
            * "Effect of EROI on FRP (1)" 
    Units: dmnl
    
    (040) Effect of EROI on FRP (1)
    (042) Effect of OGR on FRP (1)
    (089) Normal FRP (1)
    Used by:
    (003) Available funding for new capacity $/y
    
(063)    "FRP in 1980 (1)"  = 0.625
    Units: 1 [0.6,0.8,0.025]
    
    Used by:
    (089) Normal FRP (1)
    
(064)    "FRP step (1)"  = 0
    Units: 1 [0,0.2,0.01]
    0.6875 for 1 %/y growth, 0.625 for equilibrium. 0.6875 / .625 = 
            1.1
    Used by:
    (089) Normal FRP (1)
    
(065)    FRP step start time  = 1990
    Units: y [1980,2080,20]
    
    Used by:
    (089) Normal FRP (1)
    
(066)    "Gross hiring p/y"  = 
       ( Optimal worforce p 
            - Workforce p ) 
            / Hiring time y 
            + Workforce p 
                 / Average tenure y 
    Units: p/y
    
    (157) Workforce p
    (006) Average tenure y
    (067) Hiring time y
    (098) Optimal worforce p
    Used by:
    (157) Workforce p
    
(067)    Hiring time y  = 0.5
    Units: y [0,1,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (066) Gross hiring p/y
    
(068)    "IN in 1980 (1/y)"  = 0
    Units: 1/y
    
    Used by:
    (110) Perceived inflation 1/y
    
(069)    "Indicated effect of WSO on CLR (1)"  = 
       1
            + "sWSOeoCLR>0" 
                 * ( "Worker share of output (1)" 
                      / "Normal worker share (1)" 
                      - 1) 
    Units: 1
    
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    (094) Normal worker share (1)
    (140) sWSOeoCLR>0
    Used by:
    (044) Effect of WSO on CLR (1)
    
(070)    "Indicated participation (1)"  = 
       "Normal participation (1)" 
            * "Effect of WSO on PA (1)" 
    Units: 1
    
    (045) Effect of WSO on PA (1)
    (108) Normal participation (1)
    Used by:
    (109) Participation (1)
    
(071)    "Indicated signal rate 1/y"  = 
       "Normal signal rate 1/y" 
            * ( 1
                 + "sINeoSR>0" 
                      * ( "Perceived inflation 1/y" 
                           / "Inflation target 1/y" 
                           - 1) 
                 + "sUNeoSR<0" 
                      * ( "Perceived unemployment (1)" 
                           / "Unemployment target (1)" 
                           - 1) ) 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (074) Inflation target 1/y
    (092) Normal signal rate 1/y
    (110) Perceived inflation 1/y
    (112) Perceived unemployment (1)
    (136) sINeoSR>0 - Should be 1
    (139) sUNeoSR<0 - was -0.5
    (149) Unemployment target (1)
    Used by:
    (024) Change in signal rate 1/yy
    
(072)    "Inflation 1/y"  = 
       "sINVeoIN<0" 
            * ( Perceived inventory coverage y 
                 / Normal inventory coverage y 
                 - 1) 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (107) Normal inventory coverage y
    (111) Perceived inventory coverage y
    (138) sINVeoIN<0 - was -0.5
    Used by:
    (023) Change in price level 1/y
    (041) Effect of IN on wage decline 1/y
    (110) Perceived inflation 1/y
    
(073)    Inflation perception time y  = 1
    Units: y
    
    Used by:
    (110) Perceived inflation 1/y
    
(074)    "Inflation target 1/y"  = 0.02
    Units: 1/y [0,0.05,0.01]
    
    Used by:
    (041) Effect of IN on wage decline 1/y
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    
(075)    "INV in 1980 $/y"  = 250
    Units: $/y
    capacity in 1980 / life of capacity * cost of new capacity = 
            (1000 / 10 ) * 2.5
    Used by:
    (080) Investment in new capacity $/y
    
(076)    Inventory b  = 
       INTEG( "Production b/y" 
                 - "Deliveries b/y" , 
            "Production b/y" 
                 * Normal inventory coverage y ) 
    Units: u
    
    (033) Deliveries b/y
    (107) Normal inventory coverage y
    (116) Production b/y
    Used by:
    (077) Inventory coverage y
    
(077)    Inventory coverage y  = 
       Inventory b 
            / "Average deliveries b/y" 
    Units: Year
    
    (076) Inventory b
    (005) Average deliveries b/y
    Used by:
    (111) Perceived inventory coverage y
    
(078)    Inventory perception delay y  = 0.25
    Units: y [0,0.5,0.01]
    
    Used by:
    (111) Perceived inventory coverage y
    
(079)    Investment implementation time y  = 0.25
    Units: y [0,1,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (080) Investment in new capacity $/y
    
(080)    "Investment in new capacity $/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Available funding for new capacity $/y" , 
            Investment implementation time y , 
            "INV in 1980 $/y" ) 
    Units: $/y
    
    (003) Available funding for new capacity $/y
    (075) INV in 1980 $/y - capacity in 1980 / life of capacity * cost of new 
            capacity = (1000 / 10 ) * 2.5
    (079) Investment implementation time y
    Used by:
    (012) Capacity initiation cu/y
    
(081)    kappa CA  = 0.4
    Units: 1 [0,1,0.1]
    was 0.3
    Used by:
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(082)    lambda WF  = 0.6
    Units: 1 [0,1,0.1]
    was 0.7
    Used by:
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(083)    "Leaving p/y"  = 
       Workforce p 
            / Average tenure y 
    Units: p/y
    
    (157) Workforce p
    (006) Average tenure y
    Used by:
    (157) Workforce p
    
(084)    "Mariginal TFP (1)"  = 
       "ETFP in 1980 (1)" 
            * IF THEN ELSE ( Time 
                      > TFP growth start year , 
                 EXP ( "RoC in TFP 1/y" 
                           * ( Time 
                                - TFP growth start year ) ) , 
                 1) 
    Units: 1
    
    (000) Time - Internally defined simulation time.
    (051) ETFP in 1980 (1) - 0.9 in Base Case
    (125) RoC in TFP 1/y - was 0.01
    (142) TFP growth start year
    Used by:
    (021) Change in ETFP 1/y
    
(085)    "Measured sales $/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Sales income $/y" , 
            "Measurement delay 0.25 y" , 
            1000) 
    Units: $/y
    
    (057) Sales income $/y
    (086) Measurement delay 0.25 y
    Used by:
    (095) Observed growth rate 1/y
    (127) Sales one year ago $/y
    
(086)    "Measurement delay 0.25 y"  = 0.25
    Units: y
    
    Used by:
    (085) Measured sales $/y
    
(087)    "Normal capital cost 1/y"  = 0.04
    Units: 1/y
    
    Used by:
    (038) Effect of BC on EROI (1)
    
(088)    Normal capital life y  = 10
    Units: y
    
    Used by:
    (017) Capital life y
    (031) CUC in 1980 cu
    (106) Normal EROI 1/y
    
(089)    "Normal FRP (1)"  = 
       "FRP in 1980 (1)" 
            * ( 1
                 + STEP ( "FRP step (1)" , 
                      FRP step start time ) ) 
    Units: 1 [0.6,0.8,0.01]
    
    (063) FRP in 1980 (1)
    (064) FRP step (1) - 0.6875 for 1 %/y growth, 0.625 for equilibrium. 
            0.6875 / .625 = 1.1
    (065) FRP step start time
    Used by:
    (062) Fraction of profits to new capacity (1)
    
(090)    "Normal growth rate 1/y"  = 0.02
    Units: 1/y [0,0.5,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (042) Effect of OGR on FRP (1)
    
(091)    "Normal profit margin (1)"  = 0.2
    Units: dmnl
    
    Used by:
    (016) Capital life mult from profitability (1)
    
(092)    "Normal signal rate 1/y"  = 0.02
    Units: 1/y
    
    Used by:
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    
(093)    "Normal turnover rate 1/y"  = 0.12
    Units: 1/y [0,0.15,0.01]
    was 0.1
    Used by:
    (120) Real wage decline rate 1/y
    (121) Real wage increase rate 1/y
    
(094)    "Normal worker share (1)"  = 0.6
    Units: 1
    
    Used by:
    (045) Effect of WSO on PA (1)
    (069) Indicated effect of WSO on CLR (1)
    
(095)    "Observed growth rate 1/y"  = 
       ( "Measured sales $/y" 
            - "Sales one year ago $/y" ) 
            / ( "Sales one year ago $/y" 
                 * Trend observation delay 1y ) 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (085) Measured sales $/y
    (127) Sales one year ago $/y
    (145) Trend observation delay 1y
    Used by:
    (042) Effect of OGR on FRP (1)
    
(096)    "OO in 1980 b/y"  = 1000
    Units: $/y [6,7,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (005) Average deliveries b/y
    (034) Demand in 1980 $/y
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(097)    "Optimal output b/y"  = 
       "OO in 1980 b/y" 
            * ( ( Capacity cu 
                 / CA in 1980 cu ) 
                 ^ kappa CA ) 
            * ( ( Workforce p 
                 / WF in 1980 p ) 
                 ^ lambda WF ) 
            * ( ( "Embedded TFP (1)" 
                 / "ETFP in 1980 (1)" ) 
                 ^ epsilon TFP ) 
    Units: b/y
    
    (010) Capacity cu
    (048) Embedded TFP (1)
    (157) Workforce p
    (049) epsilon TFP
    (051) ETFP in 1980 (1) - 0.9 in Base Case
    (058) CA in 1980 cu
    (081) kappa CA - was 0.3
    (082) lambda WF - was 0.7
    (096) OO in 1980 b/y
    (154) WF in 1980 p
    Used by:
    (047) Embedded labour productivity b/p/y
    (116) Production b/y
    
(098)    Optimal worforce p  = 
       Capacity cu 
            / "Capacity labor ratio cu/p" 
    Units: p
    
    (010) Capacity cu
    (013) Capacity labor ratio cu/p
    Used by:
    (066) Gross hiring p/y
    
(099)    "Owners demand $/y"  = 
       "Profits $/y" 
    Units: $/y
    
    (119) Profits $/y
    Used by:
    (050) Established demand $/y
    
(100)    "PA in 1980 (1)"  = 0.5
    Units: 1 [0.4,0.5,0.05]
    
    Used by:
    (109) Participation (1)
    
(101)    Participation adjustment time y  = 1.5
    Units: **undefined** [0,3,0.5]
    
    Used by:
    (109) Participation (1)
    
(102)    "Price level $/1980$"  = 
       INTEG( "Change in price level 1/y" , 
            1) 
    Units: dmnl
    
    (023) Change in price level 1/y
    Used by:
    (023) Change in price level 1/y
    (103) Price per unit $/b
    
(103)    "Price per unit $/b"  = 
       "Price per unit in 1980 1980$/b" 
            * "Price level $/1980$" 
    Units: $/b
    
    (102) Price level $/1980$
    (056) Price per unit in 1980 1980$/b
    Used by:
    (033) Deliveries b/y
    (034) Demand in 1980 $/y
    (150) Wage level ($/p/y)
    
(104)    "Labour cost $/y"  = 
       "Wage level ($/p/y)" 
            * Workforce p 
    Units: $/y
    
    (157) Workforce p
    (150) Wage level ($/p/y)
    Used by:
    (119) Profits $/y
    
(105)    "Marginal CLR cu/p"  = 
       "ECLR in 1980 cu/p" 
            * IF THEN ELSE ( Time 
                      > CLR growth start year , 
                 EXP ( "RoC in CLR 1/y" 
                           * ( Time 
                                - CLR growth start year ) ) , 
                 1) 
    Units: cu/p
    
    (000) Time - Internally defined simulation time.
    (025) CLR growth start year
    (037) ECLR in 1980 cu/p - was 12.5
    (123) RoC in CLR 1/y - was 0
    Used by:
    (020) Change in ECLR (cu/p/y)
    
(106)    "Normal EROI 1/y"  = 
       1
            / Normal capital life y 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (088) Normal capital life y
    Used by:
    (040) Effect of EROI on FRP (1)
    (060) Expected ROI in new capacity (1/y)
    
(107)    Normal inventory coverage y  = 0.25
    Units: y [0,0.5,0.05]
    
    Used by:
    (076) Inventory b
    (036) Desired capacity utilization (1)
    (072) Inflation 1/y
    
(108)    "Normal participation (1)"  = 0.5
    Units: 1
    
    Used by:
    (070) Indicated participation (1)
    
(109)    "Participation (1)"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Indicated participation (1)" , 
            Participation adjustment time y , 
            "PA in 1980 (1)" ) 
    Units: 1
    
    (070) Indicated participation (1)
    (100) PA in 1980 (1)
    (101) Participation adjustment time y
    Used by:
    (004) Available workforce p
    
(110)    "Perceived inflation 1/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Inflation 1/y" , 
            Inflation perception time y , 
            "IN in 1980 (1/y)" ) 
    Units: 1/y [-0.04,0.04,0.01]
    
    (068) IN in 1980 (1/y)
    (072) Inflation 1/y
    (073) Inflation perception time y
    Used by:
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    
(111)    Perceived inventory coverage y  = 
       SMOOTH ( Inventory coverage y , 
            Inventory perception delay y ) 
    Units: **undefined**
    
    (077) Inventory coverage y
    (078) Inventory perception delay y
    Used by:
    (036) Desired capacity utilization (1)
    (072) Inflation 1/y
    
(112)    "Perceived unemployment (1)"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Unemployment (1)" , 
            Unemployment perception delay y , 
            "UN in 1980 (1)" ) 
    Units: 1
    
    (146) UN in 1980 (1)
    (147) Unemployment (1)
    (148) Unemployment perception delay y
    Used by:
    (043) Effect of UN on wage rise (1)
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    
(113)    Pop change start yr  = 1990
    Units: y [1980,2080,20]
    
    Used by:
    (022) Change in population p/y
    
(114)    Pop in 1980 p  = 42
    Units: p
    workforce * ( 1 + unemployment ) / participation 20*(1.05)*2 = 42
    Used by:
    (115) Population p
    
(115)    Population p  = 
       INTEG( "Change in population p/y" , 
            Pop in 1980 p ) 
    Units: p
    
    (022) Change in population p/y
    (114) Pop in 1980 p - workforce * ( 1 + unemployment ) / participation 
            20*(1.05)*2 = 42
    Used by:
    (004) Available workforce p
    (022) Change in population p/y
    
(116)    "Production b/y"  = 
       "Optimal output b/y" 
            * "Capacity utilization (1)" 
    Units: u/y
    
    (015) Capacity utilization (1)
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    Used by:
    (076) Inventory b
    
(117)    Productivity perception delay y  = 2
    Units: **undefined** [0,10,1]
    
    Used by:
    (055) Perceived labour productivity b/p/y
    
(118)    "Profit margin (1)"  = 
       1
            - "Worker share of output (1)" 
    Units: 1
    
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    Used by:
    (016) Capital life mult from profitability (1)
    
(119)    "Profits $/y"  = 
       "Sales income $/y" 
            - "Labour cost $/y" 
    Units: $/y
    
    (057) Sales income $/y
    (104) Labour cost $/y
    Used by:
    (003) Available funding for new capacity $/y
    (099) Owners demand $/y
    
(120)    "Real wage decline rate 1/y"  = 
       "Normal turnover rate 1/y" 
            * "Effect of IN on wage decline 1/y" 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (041) Effect of IN on wage decline 1/y
    (093) Normal turnover rate 1/y - was 0.1
    Used by:
    (158) WSO decrease 1/y
    
(121)    "Real wage increase rate 1/y"  = 
       "Normal turnover rate 1/y" 
            * "Effect of UN on wage rise (1)" 
    Units: **undefined**
    
    (043) Effect of UN on wage rise (1)
    (093) Normal turnover rate 1/y - was 0.1
    Used by:
    (160) WSO increase 1/y
    
(122)    "Retooling time (1)"  = 1
    Units: y [0.5,1.5,0.1]
    was 1
    Used by:
    (044) Effect of WSO on CLR (1)
    
(123)    "RoC in CLR 1/y"  = 0.015
    Units: 1/y [-0.02,0.02,0.001]
    was 0
    Used by:
    (105) Marginal CLR cu/p
    
(124)    "RoC in population 1/y"  = 0.01
    Units: 1/y [0,0.03,0.005]
    
    Used by:
    (022) Change in population p/y
    
(125)    "RoC in TFP 1/y"  = 0.007
    Units: 1/y [-0.02,0.02,0.001]
    was 0.01
    Used by:
    (084) Mariginal TFP (1)
    
(126)    "Sales in 1979 $/y"  = 1000
    Units: $/y [950,1050,5]
    
    Used by:
    (127) Sales one year ago $/y
    
(127)    "Sales one year ago $/y"  = 
       SMOOTHI ( "Measured sales $/y" , 
            Trend observation delay 1y , 
            "Sales in 1979 $/y" ) 
    Units: $/y
    
    (085) Measured sales $/y
    (126) Sales in 1979 $/y
    (145) Trend observation delay 1y
    Used by:
    (095) Observed growth rate 1/y
    
(128)    SAVEPER  = 0.1
    Units: Year [0,?]
    The frequency with which output is stored.

(129)    "sBCeoEROI<0"  = -0.1
    Units: 1 [-0.1,0,0.01]
    was -0.1
    Used by:
    (038) Effect of BC on EROI (1)
    
(130)    sCLmfPM  = 0
    Units: dmnl [0,0.5,0.01]
    was 0.1
    Used by:
    (016) Capital life mult from profitability (1)
    
(131)    "sCUeoAVF>0"  = 0
    Units: **undefined** [-10,10,0.5]
    was 10
    Used by:
    (039) Effect of CU on AVF (1)
    
(132)    "sCUmfINV<0"  = -0.5
    Units: 1 [-1,0,0.01]
    
    Used by:
    (036) Desired capacity utilization (1)
    
(133)    "sEROIeoFRP>0"  = 0.4
    Units: 1 [0,1,0.05]
    can be anything from 0 to 1
    Used by:
    (040) Effect of EROI on FRP (1)
    
(134)    "sGReoFRP>0"  = 0
    Units: 1 [0,0.1,0.01]
    
    Used by:
    (042) Effect of OGR on FRP (1)
    
(135)    Signal rate adjustment time y  = 0.3
    Units: **undefined**
    
    Used by:
    (024) Change in signal rate 1/yy
    
(136)    "sINeoSR>0"  = 0
    Units: 1
    Should be 1
    Used by:
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    
(137)    sINeoWSOdot  = 0
    Units: 1
    should be >0
    Used by:
    (041) Effect of IN on wage decline 1/y
    
(138)    "sINVeoIN<0"  = -0.2
    Units: 1 [-0.3,0,0.01]
    was -0.5
    Used by:
    (072) Inflation 1/y
    
(139)    "sUNeoSR<0"  = -1
    Units: 1/yy [-0.1,0,0.01]
    was -0.5
    Used by:
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    
(140)    "sWSOeoCLR>0"  = 0.6
    Units: 1 [0,1,0.05]
    
    Used by:
    (069) Indicated effect of WSO on CLR (1)
    
(141)    "sWSOeoPA>0"  = 0.1
    Units: 1 [0,1,0.1]
    A small value (0.1) gives a miniscule oscillation in 
            participation. A higher value gives more oscillation, but also 
            instability
    Used by:
    (045) Effect of WSO on PA (1)
    
(142)    TFP growth start year  = 1990
    Units: y [1980,2080,20]
    
    Used by:
    (084) Mariginal TFP (1)
    
(143)    TIME STEP  = 0.0625
    Units: Year [0,?]
    The time step for the simulation.

(144)    Time to adjust demand pattern y  = 0.3
    Units: y [0,1,0.05]
    
    Used by:
    (050) Established demand $/y
    
(145)    Trend observation delay 1y  = 1
    Units: y
    
    Used by:
    (095) Observed growth rate 1/y
    (127) Sales one year ago $/y
    
(146)    "UN in 1980 (1)"  = 0.05
    Units: **undefined** [0.04,0.06,0.001]
    
    Used by:
    (112) Perceived unemployment (1)
    
(147)    "Unemployment (1)"  = 
       ( Available workforce p 
            / Workforce p ) 
            - 1
    Units: 1
    
    (157) Workforce p
    (004) Available workforce p
    Used by:
    (112) Perceived unemployment (1)
    
(148)    Unemployment perception delay y  = 0.5
    Units: y [0,1,0.1]
    
    Used by:
    (112) Perceived unemployment (1)
    
(149)    "Unemployment target (1)"  = 0.05
    Units: 1
    
    Used by:
    (071) Indicated signal rate 1/y
    
(150)    "Wage level ($/p/y)"  = 
       "Perceived labour productivity b/p/y" 
            * "Price per unit $/b" 
            * "Worker share of output (1)" 
            * ( 1
                 + STEP ( "Wage step (1)" , 
                      Wage step start year ) ) 
    Units: $/y
    
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    (055) Perceived labour productivity b/p/y
    (103) Price per unit $/b
    (151) Wage step (1)
    (152) Wage step start year
    Used by:
    (104) Labour cost $/y
    (153) Wages $/y
    
(151)    "Wage step (1)"  = 0
    Units: **undefined** [-0.02,0.02,0.005]
    
    Used by:
    (150) Wage level ($/p/y)
    
(152)    Wage step start year  = 2000
    Units: **undefined** [1980,2100,10]
    
    Used by:
    (150) Wage level ($/p/y)
    
(153)    "Wages $/y"  = 
       "Wage level ($/p/y)" 
            * Workforce p 
    Units: $/(y*p)
    
    (157) Workforce p
    (150) Wage level ($/p/y)
    Used by:
    (156) Workers demand $/y
    
(154)    WF in 1980 p  = 20
    Units: p
    
    Used by:
    (157) Workforce p
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    
(155)    "Worker share of output (1)"  = 
       INTEG( "WSO increase 1/y" 
                 - "WSO decrease 1/y" , 
            "WSO in 1980 (1)" ) 
    Units: 1
    
    (158) WSO decrease 1/y
    (159) WSO in 1980 (1)
    (160) WSO increase 1/y
    Used by:
    (045) Effect of WSO on PA (1)
    (069) Indicated effect of WSO on CLR (1)
    (118) Profit margin (1)
    (150) Wage level ($/p/y)
    (158) WSO decrease 1/y
    (160) WSO increase 1/y
    
(156)    "Workers demand $/y"  = 
       "Wages $/y" 
    Units: $/y
    
    (153) Wages $/y
    Used by:
    (050) Established demand $/y
    
(157)    Workforce p  = 
       INTEG( "Gross hiring p/y" 
                 - "Leaving p/y" , 
            WF in 1980 p ) 
    Units: p
    
    (066) Gross hiring p/y
    (083) Leaving p/y
    (154) WF in 1980 p
    Used by:
    (047) Embedded labour productivity b/p/y
    (066) Gross hiring p/y
    (083) Leaving p/y
    (097) Optimal output b/y
    (104) Labour cost $/y
    (147) Unemployment (1)
    (153) Wages $/y
    
(158)    "WSO decrease 1/y"  = 
       "Worker share of output (1)" 
            * "Real wage decline rate 1/y" 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    (120) Real wage decline rate 1/y
    Used by:
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    
(159)    "WSO in 1980 (1)"  = 0.6
    Units: 1 [0.4,0.6,0.01]
    
    Used by:
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    
(160)    "WSO increase 1/y"  = 
       "Worker share of output (1)" 
            * "Real wage increase rate 1/y" 
    Units: 1/y
    
    (155) Worker share of output (1)
    (121) Real wage increase rate 1/y
    Used by:
    (155) Worker share of output (1)